How to find the area of a circle by multiplying the sides?
Some math lovers have
shared comments over the phone that it is frustrating not being able to find
the area of a circle by multiplying adjacent sides. They also questioned how such a
system could not exist.
And they questioned me
to the punch with how I could not find the area of a circle by multiplying
the sides by saying that they could derive various mathematical facts from a
certain mathematical fact.
It is fair for those
math lovers to ask. What if there is no side to the circle? If the circle is
enclosed in a square, then the side of the circle contained in the square will
be found.
If we find the area of the square and then
find a ratio to the area of the circle it contains, we can find the area of the circle by
multiplying the sides as we think. But we must not forget that here we are
taking the sides of the square as the circle has no sides. It must always be
remembered that we find a proportionality to the circle contained within the
square by so taking it.
Shall we do that now?
How? Let's draw a perfect circle touching all four sides of the square. That
is, as shown in the figure below,
Is the diameter of the
circle we have drawn equal to the side of the square? Yes, what is the doubt?
Is the diameter of a
circle twice the radius? Yes, what do you doubt about that? So the diameter of
the circle is d = 2r = a units? That means twice the radius of a circle is
equal to the diameter and the side of a square? Yes, what do you doubt about
that?
Then we are done.
Now what is the area of
the square? That is,
the area of a square having twice the radius of the circle i.e. 2r as side i.e. a is
2r × 2r = 4r2 square units as per side × side formula?
What this 4r2
square units means is that there are four squares inside the square with sides
of r units. That is, if we put two diameters in the circle in the picture we
have drawn, you will understand. See it for yourself in the picture below.
Yeah right you say? Now
is the square divided into four equal parts by the radii of the circle? Each
congruent is a square of side r. Since there are four smaller squares inside,
is it correct that the area of four is 4r2 square units?
Only a square is
divided into four equal parts? Is it a circle? Areas of four equilateral
segments of a circle lie within four equilateral squares. Then its area will be
less than 4r2 square units. That means something in the ratio
between 3r2 square units and 4r2 square units.
We are going to use the
constant π associated with the circle to determine what that ratio is. you
understand now? Right, the area of four equilateral circles inside a square is
3.14 × r2. That is, if you subtract the area of the square outside the
circle, it will be the same size. The area of that subtracted area is approximately 0.86 r2.
Oh, you understand now?
So 3.14 r2 be πr2 square units. That's it, we have arrived at
the formula for the area of a circle by squeezing the circle inside a square and
multiplying the adjacent sides by it.
Aha, isn't there
anything wrong with saying that we can derive various mathematical facts from
one mathematical fact?
That's it, now I hear
you ask, are you done with the area of the circle?
Before that we have
only one calculation about the circumference and area of a circle and next we
will look at the method of finding the area of a quadrilateral. So I don't hear you saying
we'll see about it tomorrow? Well, we'll see tomorrow.
*****
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